Clinical Studies & References

GLO Science Professional teeth whitening and oral care technologies and formulations are based on science, decades of experience in clinical dentistry, and expertise on smile beauty and oral health. 

Professional Clinical Teeth Whitening Products

When you're looking for the best teeth whitening products and systems to incorporate into your dental practice, it's important to consider FDA-registered teeth whitening systems. Clinical teeth whitening helps boost your patients' confidence, improve gum health and optimize dental health overall. When your patients care about their teeth, it shows!


Professional-Grade GLO Science

We think that GLO Science Pro is the best teeth whitening system on the market today, but don't just take our word for it! Our unique combination of specially formulated teeth whitening gel and the patented universal mouthpiece, which uses both gentle warming heat and blue LED light to optimize teeth whitening effects, has made the dental community sit up and take notice. Check out our clinical teeth whitening studies and professional references.


GLO Science Pro: Developed by a Practicing Dentist

GLO Science Pro teeth whitening system was developed by New York City's Dr. Jonathan B. Levine, a practicing prosthodontist with over 30 years of clinical experience. Our numerous studies show that this revolutionary system works and is gentle yet effective on stains — whitening and brightening your patients' smiles and improving dental health in one easy procedure. Learn more about our FDA-registered teeth whitening system by checking out our clinical studies and reviews. Also visit our domestic and international patents for more information on our unique system.

GLO Science Clinical Studies

Hasturk H. DDS, PhD and Van Dyke T. DDS, PhD. “A Pilot Study testing the G.L.O Home Whitening Device with Whitening “G-Vials” Boston University, 2010.

Nachnani S. et al. “A Pilot Study Testing the Efficacy of GLO G-Vials” University Health Resources, 2012.

Nachnani S. et al. “GLO Brilliant Whitening Device vs Crest 3D White Whitestrips Advanced Vivid (CWS)” University Health Resources, 2012.

Nachnani S. et al. “GLO Brilliant Whitening Device vs. Zoom! Professional Whitening Administered by Dentists” University Health Resources, 2012.

Levine, Jonathan B. DMD. “White Paper: GLO Science Pro Teeth Whitening” GLO Science, 2015.

Levine, Jonathan B. DMD and Hasturk, H. DDS et al. "Foaming Gel with Cetylpridinium Chloride and Antioxidants Reduces Gingival Inflammation" IADR Archives, Novel Adjunctive Therapeutics in Oral Health Poster Session, 2019.

Levine, Jonathan B. DMD, et al. “Efficacy of a Novel Post‐Foaming Dental Gel on Gingival Inflammation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.” Journal of Periodontology, 2020, doi:10.1002/jper.19-0594.

Resources and References

Levine, Jonathan B. Teeth-Whitening Technology: Biology and anatomy are critical factors. Inside Dentistry, March 2017, 42-48. 

Baroudi K, Hassan NA. The effect of light-activation sources on tooth bleaching. Niger Med J. 2014;55(5):363-368. doi:10.4103/0300-1652.140316

Watts A, Addy M. Tooth discolouration and staining: A review of the literature. Br Dent J. 2001;190:309-316.

Fasanaro TS. Bleaching teeth: History, chemicals, and methods used for common toothdiscolorations. J Esthet Restor Dent. 1992;4(3)71-78.

Kugel G, Aboushala A, Zhou X, Gerlach RW. Daily use of whitening strips on tetracycline-stained teeth: Comparative results after two months. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2002;23:29-34.

Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Vital bleaching with whitening strips: Summary of clinical research on effectiveness and tolerability. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2001;2:1-16.

Palo RM, Bonetti-Filho I, Valera MC, Camargo CH, Camargo S, Moura-Netto C, Pameijer C. Quantification of peroxide ion passage in dentin, enamel, and cementum after internal bleaching with hydrogen peroxide. Oper Dent. 2012;37(6):660-664.

Chen J, Xu J, Shing C. Decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents under various chemical and physical conditions. J Prosthet Dent. 1993;69(1)46-48.

Browning WD, Blalock JS, Frazier KB, Downey MC, Myers ML. Duration and timing of sensitivity related to bleaching. J Esthet Restor Dent. 2007;19(5)256-264.

Frysh H. Chemistry of bleaching. In: Goldstein RE. Complete Dental Bleaching. 1st ed. Hanover Park, IL: Quintessence Publishing; 1995:25-32.

Gerlach RW, Gibb RD, Sagel PA. A randomized clinical trial comparing a novel 5.3% hydrogen peroxide whitening strip to 10%, 15%, and 20% carbamide peroxide tray-based bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2000;29:S22-S28.

Haywood VB, Caughman WF, Frazier KB, Myers ML. Tray delivery of potassium nitrate-fluoride to reduce bleaching sensitivity. Quintessence Int. 2001;32(2)105-109.

Yarborough DK. The safety and efficacy of tooth bleaching: a review of the literature 1988-1990. Compendium. 1991;12(3):191-196.

Gerlach RW, Zhou X. Comparative clinical efficacy of two professional bleaching systems. Compend Contin Educ Dent 2002;23:35-41.

Davidi MP, Hadad A, Weiss EI, Domb A, Mizrahi B, Sterer N. The effect of a mild increase in temperature on tooth bleaching. Quintessence Int. 2008;39(9)771-775.

Cohen SC. Human pulpal response to bleaching procedures on vital teeth. J Endod.1979;5(5)134-138.

Robertson WD, Melfi RC. Pulpal response to vital bleaching procedures. J Endod. 1980;6(7)645-648.

Gibson-Howell J. Review of: Tooth Whitening: Indications and Outcomes of Nightguard Vital Bleaching. J Dent Hyg. 2008;82(5).

Brannstrom M. The Hydrodynamic Theory of Dentinal Pain: Sensation in Preparations, Caries, and the Dentinal Crack Syndrome. J Endod. 1986;12(10):453-457.

Narhi M.V.O. Dentin sensitivity: A review. Jour Biol Buccale. 1985;13:75-96.

Brannstrom M, Astrom A. A Study on the Mechanism of Pain Elicited from the Dentin. J Dent Res. 1964:619-625.

Karpinia KA, Magnusson I, Sagel PA, Zhou X, Gerlach RW. Vital bleaching with two at-home professional systems. Am J Dent. 2002 Sep;15 Spec No:13A-18A.

Burningham AR, Davidson BJ, Malekzadeh S, Dasgupta R, Yoder BE, Newkirk KA. Tooth whiteners as a risk factor for oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: A report of cases. Paper presented at: 6th International Conference on Head and Neck Cancer; August 7-11, 2004; Washington, D.C.

Deliperi S, Bardwell DN, Papathanasiou A. Clinical evaluation of a combined in-office and takehome bleaching system. J Am Dent Assoc. 2004;135(5)628-634.

Matis BA. Degradation of gel in tray whitening. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2000;28:S28, S31-S35.

Odioso LL, Gibb RD, Gerlach RW. Impact of demographic, behavioral, and dental care utilization parameters on tooth color and personal satisfaction. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2000;29:S35-S41.